ABSTRACT
Objective:To introduce the concept and procedure of CTA guided precision flap surgery and report the preliminary clinical application.Methods:The theory of CTA guided precision flap surgery is: based on CTA high-throughput data, comprehensively evaluate the wound and potential donor sites, and select the best plan for wound repair. This article reviews 177 patients treated under the guidance of CTA guided precision flap surgery from August 2014 to December 2018. Among them, 131 were males and 46 were females; they were 7-72 years old, with an average age of 39.5 years. The tissue defects were: 74 cases of foot and ankle, 64 cases of wrist, 15 cases of calf, 11 cases of forearm and upper arm, 7 cases of thigh and perineum, 5 cases of face and neck, and 1 case of abdomen. The size of the defect was 2 cm×1 cm to 65 cm×50 cm. The recipient and donor sites were assessed based on CTA guided precision flap surgery, then choose the optimal flap to repair the defect. The flap types, outcomes and complications were recorded. The visual analogue scale (VAS), British Medical Research Council sensory rating scale, and revascularization assessments of digital replantation standard by Hand Surgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association was used to assess clinical results.Results:All flaps were uneventfully harvested as planned according to the CTA guided precision flap surgery concept.A total number of 181 flaps were harvested, including 125 free flaps and 56 pedicled flaps. The flap area rangedfrom 4 cm×3 cm to 40 cm×8 cm. After surgery, 165 cases were survival completely, 7 cases were total necrosis, 9 cases were partial necrosis. A total of 174 cases of flaps survived. The mean follow-up was 9.2 months (range, 6-60 months). After surgery 53 flaps were bulky, and 7 cases with other complications.At the last follow-up, only 6 patients had mild pain, the VAS score was 1-3. The sensation of the flaps recovered partially. According to the British Medical Research Council sensory rating scale: 68 cases were grade S2 and 106 cases were grade S3. According to the revascularization assessments of digital replantation standard by Hand Surgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association, 171 cases were excellent and 3 cases were good.Conclusion:The concept of precision flap surgery based on CTA can effectively guide flap surgery and achieve precise wound repair.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the morphology and vessel distribution of the scapholunate interosseous ligament and anatomical basis for the clinical reconstruction of scapholunate interosseous ligament.Methods:From October, 2018 to December, 2018, 12 fresh wrist joint specimens were perfused with gelatin-lead oxide solution from ulnar or radial artery and scanned under micro-CT. The morphology of scapholunate interosseous ligament in neutral position and the distribution of nutrient vessels in the ligament were observed on reconstructed 3D images by Mimics. The width, length and thickness of palmar, dorsal and proximal ligaments were measured. The anatomical parameters at the entrance of nutrient vessels in the scapholunate interosseous ligament were taken and their relationship with the blood supply to the scapholunate was analyzed.Results:①For scapholunate interosseous ligament, it was found that the average length of the proximal sub-region was the longest, the length of palmar and dorsal sides was similar to each other and the widest and thinnest was in palmar side, while the thickness and width of dorsal and proximal were similar. ②There was no nutrient vessel in the proximal part of the scapholunate interosseous ligament. But there were abundant nutrient vessels in the palmar and dorsal scapholunate interosseous ligament, and there was no significant difference in blood supply to palmar and dorsal scapholunate interosseous ligament ( P>0.05). ③The palmar and dorsal medial nutrient vessels that supply to the scapholunate interosseous ligament enter the scapholunate from the attachment of ligament of scapholunate interosseous joint. Conclusion:The palmar side of the scapholunate interosseous ligament is wider and thinner than that of the other subareas, which makes it more vulnerable to injury from an anatomical point of view. There is abundant blood supply to the palmar and dorsal subareas of the scapholunate interosseous ligament and the supplying vessels anastomose inside the scapholunate bone. There is no distribution of blood vessel at the proximal part of scapholunate interosseous ligament, hence is difficult to heal. An injury of palmar and dorsal ligaments may affect the blood supply of scapholunate.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect and characteristics of anterolateral thigh flap in repair of extremity wound in children.Methods A retrospective case series study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 69 patients with limb soft tissue defects admitted to Kunming General Hospital of PLA from January 2008 to December 2016.There were 57 boys and 12 girls,aged 2-15 years (mean,6.7 years).There were 56 cases of lower extremity wounds and 13 cases of upper limb wounds.The wound areas ranged from 3 cm ×4 cm to 14 cm × 15 cm,with an average of 52.4 cm2.All wounds were repaired with the anterolateral thigh flap.The type of flap,number of perforators,type of perforation,closure of donor site,healing of the flap,complications,and reoperation were recorded.Results Seventy anterolateral thigh flaps were harvested in 69 children,including 42 musculocutaneous flaps and 28 perforator flaps.Intraoperative visualization identified 76 perforators,including 14 septocutaneous and 62 musculocutaneous perforators.The donor site was closed primarily in 52 cases,and a split-thickness skin graft was required in 18 cases.After operation,vascular crisis occurred in four cases.After exploration,one flap survived,and partial necrosis was found in three flaps.Except for one flap with total necrosis because of infection,the rest of the flaps survived.Other postoperative complications included flap edge necrosis in six cases,local infection in six,and wound dehiscence in three.The follow-up ranged from 6 to 33 months,averaged 14.9 months.Hypertrophic scar occurred at donor site in 27 children.The number of reoperation was 46,including 23 debulking procedures,seven skin grafts,four debridements,and 12 others.Conclusions The anterolateral thigh flap is a safe,reliable option for reconstruction of soft tissue defects in extremities of children.The anterolateral thigh musculocutaneous flap is used commonly in children.However,hypertrophic scar at donor site occurs more often after flap surgery,with high rate of reoperations.